The Film Of World War II - 1500 Words

The film takes place in Amsterdam in 1942, during World War II. Germany was rebuilding its economy and Hitler was in power. There was deportation of Jews and other minorities, air raids, bombings, and food rations. Some of the major themes of the film are family, faith, change, growing up, sacrifice, loss, love, and death. The Frank family learns that Margot is to be deported. Otto Frank, Anne and Margot’s father, has already made arrangements for them to go into hiding above his spice factory in an annex. In the annex the Franks are joined by the van Daans and Dr. Dussel (a dentist), a total of eight people and one cat. The families must stay silent for most of the day until the factory workers go home, which strains their relations. They†¦show more content†¦The radio and their helpers were the only connection to the outside world which was drastic in them staying informed in what was happening. Radio was one of the major elements in World War II, because it got the civilians at home involved in the war-effort even more than they already were. Another similarity was the officers who patrolled the streets, checked people’s papers, and eventually found Anne and her family in the annex. These were not used in the movie just for dramatic heightening but to show the intensity of just walking the street as a jew. A difference between history and the film was that the actors all had British accents while Anne and her family would have had Danish accents as they lived in Amsterdam. Another difference was the clothing. All the characters had clothing that fit them well, even when they complained that it did not. Since they only had a few outfits the clothing would have been worn-out easily, but there was no tattering or patches to be seen in the film. This presented a false sense of luxury that the families did not under any circumstances have. An additional difference was the way Mr. Frank acted when there was a thief downstairs. After the nois es were out of earshot Mr. Frank and Peter van Daan cautiously go down the stairs and go towards the office only to discover that the thief is still there. They zoom up the stairs in a terrified frenzy. This is unrealistic because Mr. Frank

Abortion The Greatest Destroyer Of Peace Is Abortion

Mother Teresa once said, â€Å"The greatest destroyer of peace is abortion because if a mother can kill her own child, what is left for me, to kill you and you to kill me? There is nothing between† (1). The topic of abortion is very controversial and it is something still argued about today. Many people say that it should be the mother’s choice if she wants to be responsible for the baby or not, but other people say that the mother doesn’t have the right to murder an innocent child. The practice of abortion has been permitted for many years especially in ancient Hebrew History. The Hebrews believed that it was alright if the mother’s life was at risk. Many people opposed abortion, especially those of Catholic faith. The Roman Catholic Church believed that abortions were never justified. â€Å"In 1869, Pope Pius IX condemned abortion from the moment of contraception, but some Catholic church scholars continued to teach that abortions performed to save the mother were morally acceptable†¦Today the Catholic Church condemns all forms of direct abortion- that is, the intentional ending of pregnancy. Current Catholic teaching permits indirect abortion, in which the fetus is lost as a side effect of medical treatment designed to save the mother’s life† (World Book 15). The subject of abortion has been argued for many years. For instance, †In the 1973, the Supreme Court of the United States delivered a historic decision on abortion in the case of Roe v. Wade†¦Since the Roe vs. Wade decision,Show MoreRelatedThe Greatest Destroyer Of Peace Is Abortion1759 Words   |  8 Pages â€Å"The greatest destroyer of peace is abortion because if a mother can kill her own child, what is left for me to kill you and you to kill me? There is nothing between.† - Mother Teresa, Roman Catholic Religious Sister and missionary. In this quote, Mother Teresa explains the importance of banning abortions, since by allowing them we are relinquishing all the moral values in which our society was built. Thus, it is clear that we must determine if we want such shocking events taking place in our societyRead MoreAbortion Essay750 Words   |  3 Pages Abortion may be one of the most ongoing disagreements throughout time, some may consider this act as wrong such as specified in this quote by Mother Teresa: â€Å"The greatest destroyer of peace is abortion because if a mother can kill her own child, what is left for me to kill you and you to kill me? There is nothing between.† Abortion not only murders an unborn child, causes guilt for the mother’s decision to e nd her pregnancy and may cause problems to the mother’s health; abortion is irreversibleRead MoreAnalysis Of Mother Teresa s Speech1384 Words   |  6 Pagescall† that changed her life forever. Mother Teresa was then awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for her â€Å"untaken struggle to overcome poverty and distress, which also constitutes a treat to peace.† On December 10, 1979, Mother Teresa held her Acceptance Speech for the Nobel Prize in Oslo City Hall, Norway. This speech that Mother Teresa delivered in 1979 was about loving one another and about the very controversial topic of abortion. Mother Teresa was born in Skopje, Macedonia (FYROM) on August 26, 1910.Read MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Rhetorical Analysis : Mother Teressa1090 Words   |  5 PagesTeresa believes that abortion is the â€Å"greatest destroyer† of peace. She shares with her audience that we would not be where we are today without our parents and that our parents guided us to make safe and smart choices. She declares, â€Å"Because if a mother can kill her own child- what is left for me to kill you and you kill me- there is nothing between†, which means that if it’s acceptable to have an abortion then there’s nothing stopping human kind from killing each other. Abortion spreads the idea thatRead MoreAbortion Argumentative Essay : Abortion934 Words   |  4 PagesJensen English April 29, 2014 Abortion Argumentative Essay On average about 41.6 million unborn children are aborted every year. Abortion is killing an unborn baby and it should be illegal. Abortion is wrong because it supports irresponsibility by parents. It gives the unborn children no choice or opportunity at life. In addition, instead of abortion, parents could put up the child for adoption, benefiting people that cannot have children of their own. Abortion supports irresponsibility byRead MoreAbortion, Gun Control / Safety, And Marriage Equality1370 Words   |  6 Pagesdeeply on topics such as abortion, gun control/safety, and marriage equality. It is not possible to make all people agree on topics such as those. There are many religions and cultures that people come from; everyone values their own beliefs. The conflict between two sides of abortion has occurred ever since 1960s and early 1970s due to Roe v. Wade case. â€Å"In Roe v. Wade (1973), the U.S. Supreme Court stated that abortion bans were unconstitutional in every state, legalizing abortion throughout the UnitedRead MoreAbortion Is a Selfish Choice3961 Words   |  16 PagesAbortion Is a Selfish Choice Table of Contents: Further Readings Excerpted from Mother Teresa Goes to Washington, Crisis, March 1994, a reprint of Mother Teresa s speech at the National Prayer Breakfast, February 3, 1994; courtesy of the Missionaries of Charity. Mother Teresa is the founder and mother superior of the Order of the Missionaries of Charity, which provides services to needy people around the world. The following viewpoint is excerpted from a speech she gave at a National PrayerRead MorePro-Life or Pro-Choice1455 Words   |  6 Pages Is abortion right? Should it be legal? The arguments and laws for abortion have been going on since the early eighteen hundreds. Some people believe that the woman having the baby should be able to choose to have an abortion or not. More arguments arose about when a fetus was considered a baby and, if legal, when is abortion appropriate. Another major argument regarding abortion is whether or not a fetus can feel pain. Others think that they should have the baby and either keep it or give itRead MoreGood vs Bad745 Words   |  3 PagesMother Teresa made a great leader helping the poor and the sick. (The Biography Channel). Mother Teresa did have some controversy. She got some criticism over her statement of abortion.† I feel the greatest destroyer of peace today is abortion† Mother Teresa Quoted this during her speech of the noble peace prize which she won in 1979. Mother Teresa died at the age of 87 on September 5, 1997. Mother Teresa will always be known as a great leader of our nation.(The Biography Channel) PresidentRead MoreMother Tereesa (Ethical Issues)3804 Words   |  16 Pagesshe would pass away, Mother Teresa spoke at the National Prayer Breakfast in Washington, D.C. The focus of her presentation was a condemnation of abortion, given in the presence of the pro-choice administration of President Bill Clinton (First Lady Hilary Clinton was also in attendance) and Vice President Al Gore. Mother Teresas treatment of abortion is in the context of a series of fascinating ethical and ecclesiological reflections that reveal the intriguing insight of her thoughts on love, family

Nutrition Information on Food Labels †a Waste of Time and Money Free Essays

NUTRITION INFORMATION ON FOOD LABELS – A WASTE OF TIME AND MONEY? Nutrition information on food labels is very useful and helpful for consumers; it is not a waste of time. In this essay I will write about the history of food labelling and later I will concentrate on consumers who should read food labels and those consumers who read the food labels. After that, I will focus on the importance and the advantages that information on food labels have. We will write a custom essay sample on Nutrition Information on Food Labels – a Waste of Time and Money? or any similar topic only for you Order Now In the last part, I will write about problems that customers have when reading instructions on food labels. Food labels came legally to life in 1906. Everything started in the USA because the Food and Drug Act said that â€Å"food labelling is needed to protect consumers from economic harm to reducing consumer’s risk of chronic disease†. In 1993, the Nutrition Labelling and Education Act (NLEA) required mandatory food labelling on most products excluding coffee, spices, raw foods and take away foods. Regulations apply mostly to processed and packaged foods and require specific information on food labels like: name of the food, list of nutrients (fat, sodium, total carbohydrates, dietary fibre, proteins, vitamins A and C, some minerals, calories and Kilo calories), the name and address of the manufacturer, the place of origin, serving sizes, expiry date, nutrient content claims, health claims and information about Recommended Daily Intake (RDA) of nutrients while consuming 2000 calories. In the European Union, legislation on food labelling wants to protect, inform and help society to make knowledgeable choices. Every manufacturer should provide the required information to ensure that consumers will be satisfied when buying their products. Food labelling regulations help the consumer to buy safer food. People are more confident when choosing products if they know what a particular product consists of. Nowadays most of the nutritional labels are very advanced and show detailed information about each nutrient and ingredient. Consumers read the labels mostly to improve their intake in good nutrients (proteins, fibre, good fat, vitamins and minerals) and minimize intake of unhealthy nutrients (saturated fat, sodium, cholesterol) that a particular product contains. Those who experience cardiovascular problems, are overweight and obese or have type 2 Diabetes should read nutrition labels very carefully to avoid high intake of nutrients which are significant risk in causing or worsening the illness. Consumers who are allergic to certain foods use nutrition labels to find information about the ingredients that they must not to eat. The most common allergic foods are: milk, eggs, fish, shellfish, tree nuts, peanuts, wheat and soybeans. Some of the above foods may cause instant death or digestive problems like celiac disease or lactose intolerance. Also, the elderly people should read the labels to meet their dietary requirements, which differ from other age groups. Pregnant women should control their Vitamin A intake derived from animal organs and increase their intake in folic acid. Vegetarian and vegan groups will find nutritional labels very useful particularly about the proteins and ingredients derived from animals. Another group of consumer reads information on food labels for personal reasons, for instance to exclude genetically modified foods or religious reasons. Research findings in different countries show that significant amounts of consumers use nutrition information on food labels. Surveys done in the United Kingdom have shown that 58% of those interviewed use nutrition labels. Those people recognize their diet as an important part in their lives. 17% use the labels for nutritional advice. Another study in America has shown that society is interested in nutrition food labels and use them while shopping or at home. The research showed that people with more than high school education are more likely to read the labels. In Canada consumers with small financial income, the elderly and less educated were less likely to use and understand nutrition labels. In Australia and New Zealand, 34% of consumers read the nutrition food labels. Significant groups of parents with young children usually use food labels to check the information about fat and sugar intake. Another advantage of nutrition information on food labels is that consumers look at the labels when buying unknown food products (for example from different parts of the world). It allows people to try exotic and extraordinary cuisines. Nutrition labels are guides to healthy eating and improving diet in beneficial nutrients. They help to avoid bad nutrients and remove bad products from our diets. For instance, manufacturers must inform on food labels that the product contains hydrogenated fat which is more harmful than animal fat. Nutrition food labels draw our attention to healthiness. In America, surveys demonstrated that consumers compare food products to purchase the ones with lower fat and sodium amounts. Information on food labels positively influences consumers that would like to prevent cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Those consumers choose low fat and low sugar products. There has been found a connection between reading the labels and losing weight. In other words, people are more aware of what they eat and make their decisions consciously. Scientists from two American Universities estimated that â€Å"the total monetary benefit of decrease in body weight was $63 to $ 166 billion over a 20-year period of the costs of the NLEA†. Food labels also help to reduce deficiency in certain nutrients. For example costumers who lack iron or fibre in their diet can easily choose food which is high in those nutrients while reading information on the back of the packaging. Legislation on food labels has brought another benefit for consumers. Manufacturers have to follow the rules and cannot wrongly label products. The Food Standards Agency in America is responsible to protect customers against dishonest manufacturers. Retailers must label their product appropriately and must describe it correctly. Labelling food is not only good for consumers but also for manufacturers. They recognized that the more information they show on the labels the better product will sell. It is a great deal for consumers who can find out more details about new products. There is a campaign running around the world called â€Å"5 a day†. With these words health organisations try to convince consumers to eat at least 5 portions of fruit and vegetables every day. Manufacturers and retailers in the UK joined the program and present the information on their food labels. The Information draws consumer awareness and helps them to realize that eating more fruits and vegetables will reduce the risk of certain diseases like cardiovascular disease. Apart from regular nutrition information on food labels on the back of the packaging, manufacturers present some coloured, highlighted instructions in the front of the packaging. This message is much easier for customers to understand than the directions from the back of the product. Usually the information shows the amount in grams per 1 serving and the percentage of daily intake of the nutrient (calories, fat, sugar, protein, sodium / salt). On the other hand, nutrition information on food labels needs some improvements. Food labels should all look the same and equally present the same list of nutrients with the same percentages and amounts. It will be easier for the consumer to memorise one kind of label. Unfortunately, every manufacturer labels their products differently. Consumers do not have time to spend hours in a food store. For example, a co-op retailer in the UK presents its own labels which describe â€Å"high, medium and low† to help consumers to choose healthier products and understand the label more. In fact, industry organisations see it as misleading information considering that these labels could be problematic to sell for example â€Å"fat† in food which is indeed very beneficial to maintain balanced diet. The next problem is that the consumers lack an understanding of the function of different nutrients presented on the labels. The European Heart Network found out that consumers widely read nutrition food labels but do not fully understand them. Often, amounts of nutrients require calculations and consumers do not have enough knowledge about the different nutrients that are important in their diets. The Public Health Nutrition journal informed that converting information from grams to grams per serving size caused difficulties. Nutrition labels should respond to consumer needs and give clear and simple instructions. In conclusion, nutrition information on food labels is not a waste of money. The idea of presenting this information is great because it helps customers to see what packaged food contains and choose the best product that suits them. The information on food labels gives instructions for people who are allergic and have food intolerances. It is also a guide for the consumer on how to start or maintain eating a balanced diet and how to avoid unhealthy and harmful nutrients. However, nutrition information on food labels still needs improvement to enable better public understanding and this is an area that needs to be addressed. References: 1. Angela Shine, Seamus O’Reily, Kathleen O’Sullivan (1997) â€Å"Consumer use of nutrition labels†. British Food Journal, Vol:99, Iss:8, p: 290-296 2. Carolyn D. Berdanier†¦ [et al. ], (2002), â€Å"Handbook of nutrition and food†, California, CRC Press. 3. European Public Health Alliance, (2005) â€Å"Food labelling in the EU: purposes, principles and challenges† URL: http://www. epha. org/a/2006 4. Food and Drug Administration, (2011) â€Å"Food allergies: What you need to know†, URL: http://www. fda. gov/Food/ResourcesForYou/Consumers/ucm079311. htm 5. Food Standards Agency, 2010, â€Å"Understanding labelling rules, URL: http://www. food. gov. uk/foodlabelling/ull/ 6. Food Standards Australia, New Zealand (2011), â€Å"Labelling of food†. URL: http://www. foodstandards. gov. au/consumerinformation/labellingoffood/ 7. Gill Cowburn, Lynn Stockley (2005). â€Å"Consumer understanding and use of nutrition labelling: a systematic review†, Public Health Nutrition, vol:16. Pg: 695-708 8. Hawkes Corrina (2004), â€Å"Nutrition Labels and health claims: the global regulatory environment†, Geneva, World Health Organization. 9. Howard Moskowitz, Michele Reisner, Jonhn Ben Lawlor and Rosires Deliza, (2009), â€Å"Packaging Reasearch and Food Porduct Design and Development†, Iowa, Wiley-Blackwell A John Wiley Sons, Ltd, Publication. 10. Labels and Labelling Data and Consultancy Services Ltd, (1984), â€Å"Guide to food labelling, Part 2 Claims and misleading descriptions† â€Å"Labels-Law and Legislation – England† 11. M. L. Neuhouser, A,R Kristal, R. E. Patterson (1999), â€Å"Use of food nutrition labels is associated with lower fat intake†Journal of the American Dietetic Association. Vol:99, issue 1, pg: 45-53. 12. National Health Service, 2009, â€Å"Buy healthier food†. URL: http://www. nhs. uk/Livewell/loseweight/Pages/readingfoodlabels. aspx 13. Nayga, R. M. , Lipinski, D. and Savur, N. (1998), Consumers’ Use of Nutritional Labels While Food Shopping and At Home. Journal of Consumer Affairs, 32:  106–120. doi:  10. 1111/j. 1745-6606. 1998. tb00402. x 14. Stephen Havas, Jerianne Heimendinger (1995), â€Å"5 a day for better health-nine community research projects to increase fruit and vegetable consumption†, Public Health Reports, vol:110, issue:1, pg:68-79. 15. Variyam, Jayachandran N. and Cawley, John, Nutrition Labels and Obesity (January 2006). NBER Working Paper Series, Vol. w11956, pp. 16. Variyam, J. N. (2008), Do nutrition labels improve dietary outcomes?. Health Economics, 17:  695–708. doi:  10. 1002/hec. 1287 17. Vernal S. Packard, Jr (1976) â€Å"Processed Foods and the Consumer. Additives, Labelling, Standards and Nutrition†. Ontario, Burns ; MacEachern Limited. How to cite Nutrition Information on Food Labels – a Waste of Time and Money?, Essays

Impacts of Market Research on the Organization-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Impacts of Market Reseach on the Organizational Growth and Success. Answer: Abstract The report mentions the impacts of market research on the organizational growth and success. Market research is extremely useful in understanding the needs and demands of the target customers and remaining ahead of the competitors. Market research helps the organizations to determine their pricing policy, products and other important strategies. The report states how Reliance Jio utilizes market research process and how a more effective market research process might impact the future of its products and services. Introduction: Market research refers to the systematic collection and detailed analysis of the data in order to understand a particular market, competitor or environment. Market research involves collection of primary data from the respondents or analysis of the secondary data easily available to the researcher. It is the scientific collection and study of the data, which enables the organizations to understand the market trends, tastes and preferences of the customers and take appropriate commercial decisions. Market research is extremely useful in understanding the needs and demands of the target customers and remaining ahead of the competitors. Market research helps the organizations to determine their pricing policy, products and other important strategies (McQuarrie 2015). Market research is useful in adapting a particular strategy and forecast the future demand and profitability. It enables the organizations to decide their target audience, location, price range and type of products. For ins tance, launching a highly priced product for the rural population would be a wrong decision while a specific portion of the urban population might be interested in buying a highly priced product. Market research helps the organizations to determine the locations wherein the products launched shall be successful. Background of the company: Reliance Jio was founded by Mukesh Ambani in the year 2010 as a subsidiary company of Reliance Industries Limited. Reliance Jio is an LTE mobile network operator in India. Jio offers wireless 4G service and is the only VoLTE operator In India. The company has effectively used market research processes which enabled the company to acquire 50 million subscribers within 83 days of its launch (Jio.com 2017). For the purpose of branding and marketing, the company appointed Shah Rukh Khan as the brand ambassador of Jio. The company also collaborated with the internationally famous game Pokemon Go as a result of which several Jio stores and Reliance marts became PokeStops and Gyms. Reliance Jio has efficiently utilized market research techniques and processes to know the requirements of the Indian customers and formulating its pricing strategies, which has resulted in the massive success of the company within a short span of time. Jio is an entire ecosystem that enables the Indians to live proper digital life. It aims at providing powerful broadband networks, best services, useful apps and smart devices all across India. The company targeted both rural and urban sections of the nation for providing affordable and high quality products and services (Jio.com 2017). Market research process of Reliance Jio: Reliance Jio aims at creating a digital ecosystem in India by offering broadband services, smart phones and several useful applications. The services provided by Jio involves television shows, movies, live music, Jio money, Jio play and many more. The market research process of Reliance Jio involved the following steps: Identification and defining problem: The major problem identified by the organization is the need of digitalization in India. The growth of a country is highly dependent upon digitalization. The company found that a large number of Indians did not have an access to internet as they could not afford data charges (Sarstedt and Mooi 2014). The Government of India also aims at making India digital and the company took the advantage of the opportunity. The Government of India believes that digitalization shall give an opportunity to transform the lives of the people in a positive manner. India has more than 684 million mobile users and the Government aims at establishing 100 smart cities in India through digitalization. Reliance Jio identified the issue of digitalization and the opportunity it shall provide to earn revenues (Malhotra, Birks and Wills 2013). Statement of research objectives: After the identification of problem, the researcher is required to form a statement of research objectives. The research objective of Jio was to find out the extent to which free unlimited calls and internet facilities would affect the sales volume. It also involves setting up a hypothesis statement, which can be supported by empirical findings. After finalizing the research objectives and the hypothesis statement, the researcher is able to select the research design (Taylor, Bogdan and DeVault 2015). Planning the research design: Research design specifies the process of data collection and the method of analyzing the data. Research design is the framework for the research plan of action. Research design ensures that the data collected have proper links with the objectives (Bryman and Bell 2015). At this stage, the researchers determine the sources from which the data shall be collected, the method of data collection, sampling methods and the costs to be incurred in the process. Planning the sample: Sampling refers to the part of the population that is selected to derive conclusions regarding the entire population. In case of Jio, the sample population was the employees of Reliance Industries Limited. These employees were provided with Jio sim cards and Lyf mobiles much before the company commercially launched its services in the market (Jio.com 2017). The company gathered the response of these employees to determine the pros and cons of the services. Data collection: Data collection refers to collecting facts that can be used to find a solution to a problem. In case of Jio, the data was initially collected from the employees of Reliance Industries limited to identify the advantages and disadvantages of the services. The company also gathered data regarding the quality of services and the pricing strategies of the competing firms such as Airtel, Vodafone and Idea. After the commercial launch of Jio free services, the company took feedback from the customers and their expectations from the company according to which the company devised its pricing policy. Data analysis: After the collection of the data, the company analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of the services. The company analyzed the number of customers, who shall be interested in availing the free services of Jio. After one year of free services, the company again did a market research to determine the number of subscribers, who would continue the services when the services become paid services (Patra, Mahapatra and Patnaik 2016). Take action: Finally, the company formulated its pricing policy in accordance with the analyzed data. Initially the company offered free services till December 2016 however; considering the market analysis results, it extended its free services till March 2017 in order to increase the number of prime members. The company has come up with several plans so that people can choose according to their financial condition. The plans started from Rs. 150 and ended up to Rs. 9999. An unique service provided by the company involved free home delivery of the sim cards and instant activation of the sims by booking appointments. The company still conducts market surveys to identify the trends and wants of the customers in order to further improve its products and services (Gochhait and Tripathy 2016). Impact of market research process on Jio: An efficient market research process has enabled the company to remain ahead of the competitors. The other telecom companies had to suffer losses due to the attractive pricing policy of Jio. The company was able to revolutionize the telecom industry in India. Proper market research enabled the company to determine the need of the Indian population. The company found opportunity in the digitalization process of the nation. Initially the company had decided a certain number of smart phones that would be compatible with Jio simcards however; later on with the help of market research, the company realized that the sales would improve if its sims become compatible with all the 4G smart phones (Mahalaxmi and Kumar 2017). Initially, the population faced several issues with Jio network, but the company kept on improving its services in order to increase the level of customer satisfaction. The company has also recently launched its own bar phones at a minimal price of Rs. 1500, which shall be refundable after three years of use. The company has undergone detailed market research in rural areas and low- income group members. The research has enabled the company to come up with the bar phone so that every person in India shall have access to internet and free voice calls. The company also has its own range of smart phones known as Lyf ranging between Rs. 4000 and Rs. 19000. All these strategies have enabled the company to earn huge sales volume. The company has been able to create affordable mobile phones and high quality services. The company had appointed 50 customer acquisition and retention managers, who were involved in hiring teams that had the target of acquiring one million users each in the first two months of its commercial launch. Jio aimed at acquiring 100 million customers in 100 days (Jio.com 2017). The total number of telecom subscribers in India increased from 1198.9 million at the end of April 2017 to 1204.98 million at the end of May 2017. At present, Re liance Jio has the largest number of subscribers in India. Reliance Jio contributes more than 75% of overall net subscriber addition in the telecom industry. Bharti Airtel is the second highest in terms of number of subscribers. The user base of Jio has exceeded 130 million and is still growing at a fast pace (Haq 2017). Figure 1: Net additions in wireless subscribers of access service providers in the month of May, 2017) (Source: Haq 2017) Scope and impact of future use of market research on Jio: A more effective and efficient use of market research process can have much more positive implications on the growth of the company. The other telecom companies have also launched new plans in order to compete with Jio. Therefore, the company is required to use the market research process more efficiently and effectively in order to remain ahead of the customers (Chinthala, Madhuri and Kumar 2017). Market research is extremely useful in understanding the needs and demands of the target customers and remaining ahead of the competitors. Market research helps the organizations to determine their pricing policy, products and other important strategies. Market research is useful in adapting a particular strategy and forecast the future demand and profitability. Conclusion: The competition level in the telecom industry in India has become intense and in order to sustain in the market and to remain profitable, Jio shall have to be continuously involved in the market research process to maintain its position. An effective market research process shall enable the company to further increase its customer base and retain the existing customers. This would ultimately increase the profitability of the organization and shall increase the level of satisfaction among the customers. References: Bryman, A. and Bell, E., 2015. Business research methods. Oxford University Press, USA. Chinthala, G., Madhuri, H. and Kumar, K., 2017. Customer Satisfaction Towards Telcommunication Service Provider-A Study on Reliance JIO. International Journal of Engineering and Management Research (IJEMR), 7(2), pp.398-402. Gochhait, S. and Tripathy, P.C., 2016. The game changer strategy of reliance jioa case study on predatory pricing. ICTM 2016, p.104. Haq, N., 2017. Impact of Reliance JIO on the Indian Telecom Industry. International Journal of Engineering and Management Research (IJEMR), 7(3), pp.259-263. Jio.com. (2017). Jio - About Us. [online] Available at: https://www.jio.com/en-in/about [Accessed 7 Nov. 2017]. Mahalaxmi, K.R. and Kumar, S., 2017. A study on service quality and its impact on customers preferences and satisfaction towards Reliance JIO in trichy region. Malhotra, N.K., Birks, D.F. and Wills, P., 2013. Essentials of marketing research. Pearson. McQuarrie, E.F., 2015. The market research toolbox: a concise guide for beginners. Sage Publications. Nunan, D. and Di Domenico, M., 2013. Market research the ethics of big data. International Journal of Market Research, 55(4), pp.505-520. Patra, S.K., Mahapatra, D.M. and Patnaik, R., 2016. Diffusion of Technological Innovation in Business: A Study on New Generation Business in India in E-Business Environment. Parikalpana: KIIT Journal of Management, 12(2). Sarstedt, M. and Mooi, E., 2014. A concise guide to market research. The Process, Data, and. Taylor, S.J., Bogdan, R. and DeVault, M., 2015. Introduction to qualitative research methods: A guidebook and resource. John Wiley Sons.

With Reference to Bp Plc’s free essay sample

I will illustrate this discussion with an analysis of the strategies employed by the multinational energy company BP plc (formally British Petroleum). Firstly I shall introduce a tool by which cultural attributes and values pertinent to business can be measured and compared through the study of Geert Hofstede. Then I will introduce the firm BP plc, discussing the firm’s history and current competitive environment. BP plc’s recent and current strategic management actions will be outlined and I will analyse any correspondence between the firm’s strategy and cultural biases as revealed by Hofstede. When considering the effect a firm’s home culture may have upon those firms’ operations we must first find a standard methodology that can be applied to measure the value of said culture or indeed all cultures because without comparison with another culture’s values then our measure becomes arbitrary. Measuring Cultural Values Fortunately the work of Hofstede has provided us with such a measure. We will write a custom essay sample on With Reference to Bp Plc’s or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He drew on analysis of data gathered from employees of one of the largest multinational companies at the time, IBM (1967 to 1973) these results have since been supported by several more independent studies. Hofstede produced results that showed different culture’s values in the workplace in terms of four (initially) ‘cultural dimensions’ which was extended to five after a further study designed by Chinese academics: Power Distance Index (PDI) is the extent to which it is accepted in a society that there is an uneven spread of power distribution. Specifically as viewed by those with the least power in any given society. A culture with a high PDI shows that it is an accepted and even expected element of that society that a very few people will retain a large proportion of power influence and wealth. Individualism (IDV) which can be contrasted with collectivism. The inference being that individualistic societies have a less integrated group dynamics, the emphasis on looking after oneself and perhaps your own nuclear family. Whilst collectivist societies tend to be viewed as having tight group cohesion with the emphasis on the ties between members of extended families and those in one’s community. Masculinity (MAS) opposed to femininity. Best described as behavioural opposites, a masculine culture will be more assertive and domineering, a feminine culture more inclined to progression through discussion and mutual cooperation. Uncertainty Avoidance Index (UAI) refers to a society’s ability to withstand levels of uncertainty and risk. A society with a low tolerance to uncertainty is more likely to favour structured situations with known and accepted boundaries. It is also less likely to be accepting of new ideas and methods, as these again may constitute an unknown risk. Long-Term Orientation (LTO) is the additional dimension. It refers to values derived from culture’s time perspective. Those with a long term orientation i. e. those who value perseverance and those with short term orientation who value more immediate results. Viewing the combined results of these dimensions for each country goes towards establishing that there are indeed very different cultural biases in each society concerning attitudes in the workplace and in business. When the relative scores are viewed side by side we have a powerful visual tool for exploring how cultural biases may manifest themselves in firms and organisations based in those cultures. In Fig. 1 we see the results for the United Kingdom which can be contrasted against the average results fro all countries in the study. We can observe that British cultural dimensions reflect low power distance tolerance, high individuality, high masculinity, low tolerance to uncertainty and a short term orientation. BP plc. (British Petroleum) When considering which international firm to use as a case study I was curious to apply this discussion to an industry and firm which is a product of the greatest possible degree of globalisation. In a world society with a hydrocarbon economy I find it hard to conceive of an industry more global than that of energy production and thus a multinational oil company. BP plc, unsurprisingly, is a British company. It was founded in 1908 and owes its early prosperity to exploitation of Iranian (formally Persian) oilfields, where it continued to operate until the revolution in Iran in 1979. Although having lost access to the Iranian oilfields, BP plc had expanded operations to the North Sea and Alaska during the 1960s and 1970s. During the 1980s the British government sold off its holdings in the company under the privatization drive. At the end of the decade the company underwent severe corporate restructuring and downsizing. In the 1990s BP plc undertook several corporate acquisitions which resulted in BP becoming the second largest oil company at that time. Moving forward to the present day, according to the Forbes Global 2000 ranking of leading public companies in the world BP plc is ranked seventh as of 2008. It is one of the six ‘supermajor’ oil companies. This title referring to the six biggest energy companies in the world, these firms developed after oil companies began to merge in the 1990s following a period of low oil prices. The intent being to take advantage of the economies of scale such mergers would offer. Anon, 2008) This behavior is typical of the pressures created by increasing globalization; ‘Globalization, the internationalization of markets and corporations, has changed the way modern corporations do business. To reach the economies of scale necessary to achieve the low costs, and thus the new prices, needed to be competitive, companies are now thinking of a global (worldwide) market instead of a national market. ’ (Wheelen et al. 2002) Moving into this decade there have been several events in recent years that have had the potential for large scale negative effects on the firm. In March of 2005, a large explosion hit BPs Texas City Refinery in the United States. Many people were injured in the accident some fatally. BP has admitted full liability for the accident. The following year, in March 2006, a leak in one of BPs pipelines in Alaska caused a spill of oil onto the local environment. BP had to replace a large section of this pipeline. A few months later in July 2006, BP announced closure of its remaining oil wells in Alaska due to leaks into the local environment. Additional leaks in Alaska occurred at various facilities in August 2006 and October 2007. (Anon, 2008) In terms of recent expansion of operations BP has pursued opportunities in Asia Pacific gas, Azerbaijan, Algeria, Angola, Trinidad, deepwater Gulf of Mexico and Russia. Whilst also managing the decline of their established oil developments Alaska, Egypt, Latin America, the Middle East, North America gas and the North Sea, by using new recovery techniques and technologies to improve the recovery from those developments. (BP Company Website www. bp. com 2008) BP Alternative Energy was set up in 2005 to confirm BP’s commitment to alternative energy production; ‘In a short time, we’ve made a real difference – and over the next 10 years we aim to invest $8bn in solar, wind, hydrogen and natural gas power technology and projects that will help reduce carbon dioxide further’ (BP Company Website www. bp. com 2008) Eight billion dollars is a huge investment, and arguable has the dual purpose of improving BP’s public image in the short term and improving its long term competitive advantage as would occur if BP can become a market leader in hese emerging new technologies. Strategy What is strategy? In terms relative to our discussion, strategy and strategic management may be viewed a three part process for the firm in which strategic analysis is required to understand the current position of the firm, strategic choice is require to formulate and choose between of plans of action and strategic implementation is concerned with how strategic choices are delivered (Johnson et al 1989). Failure in realising any part of this strategic process will result in inefficient strategy for the firm. The importance of strategy in the increasingly globalised industries is explained by Wheelen et al; ‘As more industries become global, strategic management is becoming an increasingly important way to keep track of international developments and position the company for long-term competitive advantage. ’ (Wheelen et al. 2002) Essentially, intelligent and appropriate strategic decisions in response to internationally influentially events are necessary in order for a firm to position itself in the market and achieve long term competitive advantage. A concept further emphasised by Porter; A global industry is one in which the strategic positions of competitors in major geographic or national markets are fundamentally affected by their overall global positions. ’ (Porter 2004) Having established what ‘strategy’ entails for a multinational company in a competitive environment of globalisation we should examine Bp’s future strategy. BP’s Annua l Review for 2007 contains the following statement about its strategic intent; ‘BP’s strategy for the future is robust. We have great positions in many of the major hydrocarbon basins of the world. We also have great market positions in the key economies and are preparing for the future by building a new low-carbon energy business. Executing our strategy is where we must improve. In safety, we are significantly lowering the risk profile of our operations. We are working hard to ensure that we have the right people with the right skills in the right places. And we are addressing performance by reducing organizational complexity, improving operational consistency and changing individual behaviours. On the front lines of our business, we are moving this agenda forward. (BP Company Website www. bp. com 2008) Analysis of this statement, along with the information outlined in the previous section regarding recent activities and events in the past decade at BP reveals several key elements of strategy aimed at establishing competitive advantage; BP has identified which area of strategy it must improve upon, that of strategic implementation, as mentioned earlier. BP wishes to reduce the risk associated with their operations. BP is aggressively pursuing new opportunities to ensure its long term viability as an oil producer. BP’s strategy regarding performance includes changing individual behaviours and selecting the best individuals for the business. BP is investing in new and alternative sources of energy to ensure its long term viability as a energy producer and improve its public image BP had a strategy of acquisition and takeover in the late 1990s in order to improve its competitive advantage through economies of scale and also enter new markets. Does Home Culture Matter? Do BP plc’s strategic decisions reflect the cultural dimensions revealed by Hofstede’s study? Reviewing again the British cultural dimensions, we find a culture of low power distance tolerance, high individuality, high masculinity, low tolerance to uncertainty and a short term orientation. Looking at the strategic points above, can be associate any of them with Hofstede’s cultural dimensions? BP wishes to reduce the risk associated with their operations, which would certainly fit the model of a culture of low uncertainty tolerance. BP’s emphasis on the value of the skilled individual and on individual behaviours reflects on this British cultural value of high individuality. BP’s strategy of acquisition reflects the assertive qualities associated with high masculinity, as does the aggressive exploitation of new opportunities. However, when considering the cultural dimension of long-term orientation versus short-term orientation, one must conclude that BP adheres to strategy that suggest a very high long term orientation; its attention to strategic implementation as a means to improve market positioning and competitive advantage, heavy investment in oil exploration and development but also, and perhaps more importantly, heavy investment in the energy producing technologies of the long term future. Both as a means to secure competitive advantage at that time and also to improve its public image. The latter reason suggests a commitment to relational sales strategies, a long term orientation strategy. Perhaps this is not especially surprising given the amount of negative press that was created by several oil spills and a huge industrial accident. BP of course displays many aspects of short term orientation, a drive for performance enhancement and maximisation of profits for example. However the predilection for long-term orientation is not described as being part of British culture by Hofstede’s study. Conclusion In considering the possibility that it is in some way old fashioned to consider the influence of the firm’s home country’s institutions and culture given globalisation’s supposedly homogenising effects we must first acknowledge that the use of one example to illustrate our discussion is hardly likely to be conclusive. With reference to BP plc’s strategic decisions and use of Hofstede’s cultural study I would conclude that in the main part, yes, there is a correlation and thus a suggestion of home culture influence. I believe that the one anomalous result, that of evidence of a strong long-term orientation in BP’s strategy can be explained by the process of globalisation itself and the industry of the firm involved. A multinational firm dealing in a huge and vital industry as oil and energy production could simply not have survived without a tendency for long term orientation in strategy; it would have been consumed by another company by now, very much as BP and the other ‘supermajors’ consumed or merged with smaller companies in the 1990s. Long-term competitive advantage and the necessity of achieving those economies of scale demanded it. In essence, short-term orientation in business strategy cannot endure on the scale that globalisation exists in. In conclusion, no, I do not believe it is old fashioned to consider the influence of the firm’s home country’s institutions and culture, but it must be acknowledged that globalisation itself creates its own normative values in the dimension of long term orientation.

Analytical Essay Sample on the Body Image Standards of Health and Beauty

Analytical Essay Sample on the Body Image Standards of Health and Beauty What is the average weight? What is healthy? How do these two things compare to the standards society has on health and beauty today? What do you see when you look in the mirror? And why don’t people see regular people in fashion TV advertisements? I personally think that advertisers should introduce people of all weight sizes into the fashion advertisements. Throughout history, women’s roles have been to make themselves as attractive to others as possible. Although fashion and physical values have changed over time, this drive has remained constant. The recent change of women’s extreme thinness has become a topic of concern in the health department. This issue starts as early as the first day a person was born. Gender differences, the surrounding environment, and the pressure of ideal image are almost impossible to escape due mostly to the everyday occurrences that one encounters. Roberta Seid’s â€Å"Too ‘Close to the Bone’: The Historical Context for Women’s Obsession with Slenderness† discusses both present ideals and those of previous time periods, as well as the negative effects these standards have had on women. Andy Vu’s â€Å"The Struggle for a Healthy Body Image† presents a similar topic, but it’s related specifically to both male and female college students. S. Almond’s â€Å"The Influence of the Media on Eating Disorders† tries to make the point of how everyone was made to be unique. Almond says that products are often advertise to promote the ideal body image. A lecture by Susan Rausch touched on both college students and society as a whole, offering statistical data on eating disorders and societal views on physical appearance. And In Ann Marie Cussins â€Å"The Role of Body Image in Women’s Mental Health† she discusses the issue from a standpoint aspect. Rausch begins her speculation with a question: Why is it that people treasure variations in the magnificence of nature, but not in the concept of beauty in ourselves? Each expert comments the fact that over the past 40 years, the representations of beauty such as models, actresses, and Miss America, have been getting thinner and thinner. These symbols of perfect beauty are wearing sizes 1, 0 and even smaller (Vu 1), portraying only the thinnest 5 to 10 percent of Americas that fit in this size category (Seid 479). Each agrees that the current average American is now considered â€Å"overweight†. However, Seid and Raush support this statement with statistics: 90 to 95 percent of women do not feel they meet the â€Å"standard†, leading millions of women to think abnormal of themselves (Seid 479). Rausch mentioned that 47 percent of women with normal weight feel they are overweight (Raush’s speech outline 3). Seid mentions that women’s self-image successfulness, and survival could be determine mostly by the way the look. As for men, success is based on how they act and what they accomplish (Seid 480). The way a person looks and their personality determines the person they are able to interact with. In society today, women are viewed as beautiful and vulnerable whereas men are classified as strong and powerful. Cussins explains that women are unconsciously dissatisfied with their motherly role toward daughters (Cussins 2). One of Cussins’s patient talk about her unhappiness with the problem of bulimia, and how bulimia effected the relationship with her mother and family. The patient tries to develop a healthy diet to make her mother happy but she throws up everything she eats or she will feel depressed. Not only is it hard for the patient but also for the mother since she feels that her child is communicating less in-depth with her (Cussins 110-111). This only one of few effe cts that a person has to deal with if he or she tries to achieve the ideal weight. Almond said that â€Å"constant media pressures can lead to body dissatisfaction, which may result in distorted eating patterns†. He also says that the media portraits the â€Å"ideal figure†, making women think that they are overweight because they don’t look like the person in the advertisement, resulting in body dissatisfaction. He points out that products are advertise displaying the ideal body image in hope that people will purchase the product thinking that they are also going to look like that person in the display. Trying to achieve this can lead to â€Å"depression, stress, guilt, shame, insecurity, unhappiness, and lower self-confidence† (Almond 367). The most recent transformation in clothing styles have also played a key role as well; Seid states that the more revealing fashion allows no compensation for the body â€Å"underneath†. With men the issue tend s to be on a different side of the spectrum: bigger is better. In the attempt to â€Å"bulk up† and play the man’s role, many turn to the use of steroids, which are harmful to the body and can produce many serious problems, including cancer (Vu 3). We must now look at the main problems in order to find a way to solve this problem, it has already become a social disease and people need to realize that trying to achieve the â€Å"ideal size† is almost impossible (Vu 3), and even if they do, the damages they do to their bodies can make them feel worse than when the first started to lose weight, it could even lead to death. The question that remains is weather the advertisement individuals and institutions have truly looked into, and understood, the effects of such ideal standards, and when, or if, changes will ever take place. The aftermath that occurs while trying to aim for the so called ‘ideal’ image. And how family and friends affect the way you feel about your body. In the attempt to become the â€Å"perfect† woman, each expert holds that many put themselves trough both psychological and physical pain. Though they each emphasize eating disorders, they do so in different ways. Seid speaks of eating disorders on a whole, relating them to current dieting practices. She states that effects of deprivation can be found in many dieters: tension, irritability, pre-occupation with food, and exhaustion are all present (Seid 478). Vu asserts that a lack of nutrition can lead to the consequence of disorders such as anorexia and bulimia: anorexia can force the body to start feeding on itself, bulimia can cause damage to the teeth and esophagus, and both are life threatening (Vu 3). When the person tries to starve itself to lose weight the body might develop anorexia and bulimia; causing the individual to throw up everything he or she might eat. Men use steroids in to deal with body dissatisfactions. Excess of this drug may lead to â€Å"brain cancer, liver damage and heart attacks†, even young healthy men can be effected (Vu 3). The question now lies on whether or not the person pays a high price in trying to achieve the ‘ideal’ image. All of the experts say the price is not worth it. Rausch states in Vu’s article that the advertising industry promotes a body image that is â€Å"biologically† impossible to achieve and â€Å"live up to† (Vu 3). Seid says that â€Å"numerous studies demonstrate that the majority of the â€Å"fat† cannot slim down permanently. The problem is not their lack of willpower, but the unreasonable expectation placed on them to weight a certain amount† (Seid 478). I personally think that the effects of trying to achieve the â€Å"ideal† image is not worth paying the price for. The person is damaging the body instead of trying to help it. Some people lose weight only to gain it back later, so what is the point of doing it. I think that each person has a different body type and metabolism, some people can’t lose weight even if they try to, leaving them depressed and anxious in the â€Å"journey† towards the perfect body. Bulimia and anorexia are horrible diseases to deal with because of the things they do to the body. I’m not suggesting that if your fat, you can’t exercise or live a healthy life, I think this can be achieved. Just look at the line men playing football, summon wrestlers, they are â€Å"big† but at the same time they are healthy. People cannot just look at the body from the outside, but from the inside. Skinny people are not always healthy, sometimes they are malnourish, or have diseases s uch as the ones pointed out by Vu, anorexia and bulimia. Media has greatly influence people into falling into the trap of what is in style and what is not. Teenage girls are affected by compulsion to receive a degree of thinness that they see in models (Cussins 2). Women who look at fashion magazines wanted to weight less and are more worry about getting fatter than the women who read news magazines (Rausch 3). â€Å"There has been a shift in the media portrayal of the ‘ideal’ body size for women, from the voluptuous curved figure of Marilyn Monroe in the 1950s to a thinner ‘waif-like’ look of Kate Moss in the 1980s† (Almond 367). Over the years the media advertising models have been getting thinner and thinner; making women more dissatisfied because they want to look like that â€Å"girl† in the advertisement. The media have developed the ideal body shape in the hope that it will create more sales of the product that they are trying to sell. But it seems like the advertisement and media industries a re not caring about how a person feels in trying to achieve the ideal body. By promoting the ideal body the media contribute to eating disorders (Almond 367). I believe that the media is the most contributing factor to this problem. They have develop the ideal image of what a person should look like but most of it is false advertisement. I never see a â€Å"fat† person on TV advertising about a beauty product or a new fashion design. When you flip the pages of most magazines all you see is thin women advertising the new Victoria’s Secret new collection. Why doesn’t the media use people of all sizes in their advertisements to fill up the needs of all people. I’m not saying I don’t like the present people in the advertisements, to be honest, as a man I like to see â€Å"hot† women in advertisements but we have to look at the reality: that the people need to see more variety of â€Å"sizes† to satisfy the kinds of people who are looking for something like them, and not making them feel bad because they are looking at something that is â€Å"impossible† to achieve. Now the question that remains is how can we start solving this problem of the ‘ideal’ imagine. Short says that â€Å"Once society starts to realize that society’s stereotypes are just stereotypes, and actually not ideal situations, then people will start to find a cure† (Vu 3). Seid suggest that â€Å"we recultivate our tastes and find a saner middle ground where our bodies can round out with more life, flesh, and health; where we can relish the fruits of our prosperity without self-punishment† (Seid 483). Seid also says that people must get rid or the thought of the ‘ideal’ image, â€Å"because it is misguided and destructive†, she says (Seid 484). Cussins suggest that psychotherapist need a new approach in treating eating disorders. Cussins says that many doctors threat the eating disorder as a second symptom to the eating disorder, making the patient have to come to many visits in a lengthy recuperation. The problem is that the lengthy treatment has a high drop out rate. â€Å"A specialized service where a woman feels that her initial contact gives her hope through feeling that someone is immediately making sense of her problems would avoid the high drop-out rate of those who take a tentative first step†, Cussin suggest (Cussing 113-114). I agree with all the suggestions that have been made by all of the experts, a therapy that understands the patient’s psychological problem with weight needs to be an option for the patient, not just one therapy that looks at the problem from the â€Å"outside†. Having the support of family and friends should also help the person accept who they are. This is very important because sometimes even family members put the person down, and the family is the most important thing in a person’s life. If the person does not have the support of the family than it is going to be even harder for he or she to deal with the problem of the ‘ideal’ obsession. And finally, I think the media contribute the most damage to the ‘not ideal’ people. When I’m watching TV all I see in the fashion advertisements is thin models, not only on television but also in most fashion magazines. I am not â€Å"fat†, but I can not even imagine how an â€Å"ever size† person feels when they see mostly thin people advertising something that is: not fitting for them, too small, or just not their â€Å"taste†. I think that the media should advertise products, and fashion for all types of people: thin, oversized, pretty, ugly. This way of advertising would please all stereotypes, and I honestly think that it would help reduce the problem that itself has created: the â€Å"ideal image†. The obsession over thinness has been in the past, is here in the present, and will be in the future. Based on the sources synthesized, if people don’t do something soon to change this â€Å"ideology†, it will take many centuries to get over something that has evolved for hundreds of years. Fashion, media, family members, and peer pressure will continue to be major factors in the obsession with slenderness. As a result, as long as these issues are still here, the dangerous aftermath will continue to plague Americans for centuries to come: â€Å"We stand poised between a past for which we have lost respect and a future we must now struggle to envision† (Seid 485).

Market Penetration and Branding Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Market Penetration and Branding - Coursework Example Trade promotions, on the other hand, refer to incentives such as discounts, schemes, commissions and freebies that are meant to ensure that the traders stock up and that instances of stock-outs are reduced.Loyalty programs, on the other hand, refer to reward programs that companies offer to loyal customers who frequently purchase their products and services (Davis 169). The loyalty programs are often rolled out such that customers are given specific numbers that they use when making purchases. The long-term purpose of loyalty programs is to reward the customers who the organization considers loyal with free merchandise or to provide them with advanced access to products that have been freshly injected into the market. In as much as both the practice of creating loyalty programs, as well as that embracing sales promotion activities, play a role in ensuring that companies get their expected profits, I presume true the fact that the practice of embracing sales promotion activities is more efficient as compared to that of using loyalty programs. This is because they increase the level of sales when they are floated, and even after their duration has elapsed, organizations normally find themselves in a better position as compared to its competitors within the market. Tasked with the responsibility of developing a branding strategy for Achilles casual shoes, I would settle on Achilles in Trend as the brand name. Similarly, I would embrace sales promotion activities as my branding strategy.